Understanding the Hidden Risks of IV Treatment for Chronic Illness Warriors

Chronic illnesses like Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) often lead patients down a path where intravenous (IV) therapy becomes necessary. In fact, I had what I hope was my last Entyvio infusion last week. Whether for delivering crucial medications or hydration, understanding the hidden risks of IV treatments is essential for patients and caregivers. Awareness of potential complications, like infections and mechanical issues, can empower you to navigate this journey with greater confidence and safety. I shared Melissa Beardall's powerful story last week, but I want to dive deeper, and outline the risks for all of you warriors out there.

IV treatments play a crucial role in managing chronic illnesses. They provide rapid absorption of medications and necessary nutrition directly into the bloodstream. For many patients, particularly those with IBD, IV therapy can be life-saving. For instance, studies show that over 50% of IBD patients require IV treatments during their care. When I was hospitalized with a calprotectin level upwards of 8,000, IV treatment saved my life! While IV therapy is vital, it’s equally important to recognize its risks. Understanding these risks helps patients and healthcare providers make informed decisions about treatment options.

There are different types of IV methods, and I've been fortunate to just have a peripheral IV to administer Entyvio. There are a few more types, and I have included them below:

1. Peripheral IV Lines: Typically inserted into a vein in the arm, these are the most common and temporary form of IV access. They are suitable for short-term use.

   
   

2. PICC Lines (Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter): Inserted through the skin into a larger vein, these lines are designed for patients needing long-term access. They can remain in place for weeks or even months.

   
   

3. Ports: These are small devices placed under the skin, allowing easy access to blood vessels for treatments like chemotherapy or long-term IV medications. Ports can stay in for years with minimal disruption.

   
   

Understanding these methods can help you make informed choices about your treatment. While IV treatments offer vital benefits, they can also introduce risks, especially for individuals with weakened immune systems. Some of these risks are outlined below:

Infection

One of the most significant risks tied to any IV access is infection. A study published in the Journal of Infusion Nursing found that the risk of infection with a PICC line is approximately 0.5 to 3.3 infections per 1,000 catheter days.

Infections can lead to serious complications, including:

• Sepsis: This is a life-threatening response to infection. Symptoms may include fever, rapid heart rate, and confusion. If untreated, sepsis can become fatal within hours.

  
  

• Local Infections: These may appear as swelling, redness, or pus at the site of insertion.

  
  

Preventive measures include strict hygiene during line insertion and diligent care, along with educating patients and caregivers about signs of infection.

Phlebitis and Thrombosis

Phlebitis, an inflammation of the vein, is another common risk. About 25% of patients may experience this condition, which can cause pain and swelling.

Symptoms may include:

• Pain at the IV site

• Swelling in the affected limb

• Warmth or redness

  
  

To reduce these risks, healthcare providers should regularly monitor IV sites and advise on timely line replacements.

Mechanical Complications

Mechanical complications can also arise from IV access devices:

• Catheter Misplacement: If a PICC line or port is improperly positioned, it can lead to serious issues, such as puncturing nearby vessels or organs.

  
  

• Kinking or Breakage: Mechanical problems can interrupt treatment, requiring new access points and potentially delaying care.

  
  

Regular assessments and imaging can significantly help prevent these complications.

Sepsis

Though sepsis is considered rare among IV treatment patients, it remains a serious concern. Without prompt treatment, sepsis mortality rates can reach as high as 30 to 50%.

Some risk factors for developing sepsis include:

• Age (older adults are at higher risk)

• Pre-existing chronic conditions

• Use of invasive devices like PICC lines or ports

  
  

Recognizing early symptoms like fever and rapid heart rate is crucial for prompt intervention.

Navigating Treatment Options Safely

To help minimize the risks associated with IV treatments, consider these best practices:

1. Choose a Trusted Healthcare Provider: Find a medical team with experience in managing IV treatments to help reduce potential complications.

   
   

2. Educate Yourself and Others: Understanding your own health condition and the associated risks can empower you to advocate effectively for your care.

   
   

3. Monitor for Signs of Infection: Regularly inspect the IV insertion site for changes and report any concerning symptoms to your healthcare provider.

   
   

4. Maintain Communication: Keep an open dialogue with your healthcare team. Feel free to share concerns and ask questions about your treatment plan.

   
   

5. Follow Hygiene Protocols: Take all necessary steps to reduce infection risks, including regular dressing changes and good hand hygiene practices.

   
   

   Even when we follow ALL THE RULES, and do ALL THE THINGS, these risks such as sepsis and/or infection can happen. Life happens.

   
   

IV treatments can be lifesaving for chronic illness warriors. Recognizing the risks and understanding how to manage them effectively enhances safety throughout the treatment process. By taking proactive steps—like educating yourself, keeping communication open with your healthcare providers, and staying vigilant about symptoms—you can navigate the complexities of IV treatment with greater ease. Remember, informed patients are empowered patients, ready to tackle their health challenges with confidence. Don't be afraid to speak up. You know your body best, and if something feels "off," then something probably is. Remember, BE HEARD.